If the victim suffers a moderate bite, he or she may have time to seek safety. In many instances, however, the shark rarely returns for a second bite. A white shark tends to inflict a single bite on its human victim and then retreat.
In the areas where they are most common, white sharks are responsible for numerous unprovoked, and sometimes fatal, attacks on swimmers, divers, surfers, kayakers, and even small boats.
According to the fossil record, the modern species has been around since roughly 18–12 million years ago, during the middle of the Miocene Epoch, but its ancestors may date back to at least the Eocene Epoch (about 56–34 million years ago). Starring as the villain of movies such as Jaws (1975), the white shark is much maligned and publicly feared however, surprisingly little is understood of its life and behavior. The white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias), which is also called great white shark or white pointer, may be the fish that needs no introduction, because it is one of the most powerful and potentially dangerous predatory sharks in the world. Wildlife managers suspect that lionfish were deliberately released by pet owners into the ocean along Florida’s Atlantic coast starting in the 1980s, but damage to pet stores caused by Hurricane Andrew in 1992 may have also allowed others to escape. Its rapid rate of reproduction, combined with the absence of natural enemies in those regions, resulted in its decimation of local reef fishes and its designation as an invasive species. In the early 21st century the species became established in reef ecosystems along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea. The red lionfish is native to South Pacific reef ecosystems.
It is striped with red, brown, and white and grows to about 30 cm (12 inches) long. One of the best-known species is the red lionfish ( Pterois volitans), an impressive fish sometimes kept by fish fanciers. When disturbed, the fish spread and display their fins and, if further pressed, will present and attack with the dorsal spines. The fishes have enlarged pectoral fins and elongated dorsal fin spines, and each species bears a particular pattern of bold, zebralike stripes. They are noted for their venomous fin spines, which are capable of producing painful, though rarely fatal, puncture wounds.
Lionfishes (Pterois) make up any of several species of showy Indo-Pacific fishes of the scorpion fish family, Scorpaenidae (order Scorpaeniformes).
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